求一篇索罗斯的英文介绍

george soros (born august 12, 1930, in budapest, hungary, as gy?rgy schwartz) ** a jew**h american currency speculator, stock investor, businessman, philanthrop**t, and political activ**t.soros ** estimated currently to be worth around $9.0 billion in net worth; he ** ranked by forbes as the 101st-richest person in the world.soros ** chairman of soros fund management and the open society institute and ** also a former member of the board of directors of the council on foreign relations. he ** also one of three initial funders of center for american progress, and ** represented on the board. h** funding and organization of georgia's rose revolution was considered by russian and western observers to h**e been crucial to its success, although soros said h** role has been greatly exaggerated. in the united states, he ** known for h**ing donated large sums of money in a failed effort to defeat president george w. bush's bid for re-election in 2004.former federal reserve chairman paul volcker wrote in 2003 in the foreword of soros' book the alchemy of finance:george soros has made h** mark as an enormously successful speculator, w**e enough to largely withdraw when still way ahead of the game. the bulk of h** enormous winnings ** now devoted to encouraging transitional and emerging nations to become 'open societies,' open not only in the sense of freedom of commerce but—more important—tolerant of new ideas and different modes of thinking and beh**ior.biographyfamilygeorge soros, ** the son of the esperant**t writer tivadar soros. tivadar (also known as teodoro) was a hungarian jew, who was a pr**oner of war during and after world war i and eventually escaped from russia to rejoin h** family in budapest.the family changed its name in 1936 from schwartz to soros, in response to growing anti- semit**m with the r**e of fasc**m. tivadar liked the new name because it ** a palindrome and because it has a meaning. although the specific meaning ** left unstated in kaufmann's biography, in hungarian, soros means "next in line, or designated successor", and in esperanto, it means "will soar". h** son george was taught to speak esperanto from birth and thus ** one of the rare native esperanto speakers. george soros later said that he grew up in a jew**h home, and that h** parents were cautious with their religious roots. however, soros's father was proud of h** jew**h roots (which can be seen in h** memoir on h** experiences during the holocaust, masquerade).george soros has been married and divorced twice, to annaliese witschak, and to susan weber soros. he has five children: robert, andrea, jonathan (with h** first wife, annaliese); alexander, gregory (with h** second wife, susan). h** elder brother paul soros, an engineer, ** a well-known philanthrop**t, investor, and new york socialite.native hungary, and move to englandsoros was thir** years old in march 1944 when nazi germany took military control over hungary. soros worked for the jew**h council for two days, which had been establ**hed during the nazi occupation of hungary to forcibly carry out nazi and hungarian ** anti- jew**h measures. soros later described th** time to writer michael lew**:the jew**h council asked the little kids to hand out the deportation notices. i was told to go to the jew**h council. and there i was given these small slips of **...it said report to the rabbi seminary at 9 a.m....and i was given th** l**t of names. i took th** piece of ** to my father. he instantly recognized it. th** was a l**t of hungarian jew**h lawyers. he said, "you deliver the slips of ** and tell the people that if they report they will be deported.to **oid h** son's being apprehended by the naz**, soros's father paid a min**try of agriculture employee to h**e soros spend the summer of 1944 living with him and posing as the godson. young soros had to hide h** jew**hness even as the official was overseeing the conf**cation of jew**h property.in the following year, soros survived the battle of budapest in which soviet, german and hungarian forces fought house-to-house through the city. soros first traded currencies during the hungarian hyperinflation of 1945–1946.soros emigrated to england in 1947 and graduated from the london school of economics in 1952. while a student of the philosopher karl popper, soros funded himself by taking jobs as a railway porter and a waiter at quaglino's restaurant where he was told that with hard work he might one day become head waiter. he eventually secured an entry-level position with london merchant bank singer & friedlander.move to the united statesin 1956 he moved to new york city, where he worked as an arbitrage trader with f. m. mayer from 1956 to 1959 and as an analyst with wertheim and company from 1959 to 1963. throughout th** time, soros developed a philosophy of "reflexivity" based on the ideas of karl popper. reflexivity, as used by soros, ** the belief that the action of beholding the valuation of any market by its participants, affects said valuation of the market in a procyclical 'virtuous or vicious' circle.soros realized, however, that he would not make any money from the concept of reflexivity until he went into investing on h** own. he began to investigate how to deal in investments. from 1963 to 1973 he worked at arnhold and s. bleichroeder, where he attained the position of vice-president. soros finally concluded that he was a better investor than he was a philosopher or an executive. in 1967 he persuaded the company to set up an offshore investment fund, first eagle, for him to run; in 1969 the company founded a second fund for soros, the double eagle hedge fund.when investment regulations restricted h** ability to run the funds as he w**hed, he quit h** position in 1973 and establ**hed a private investment company that eventually evolved into the quantum fund. he has stated that h** intent was to earn enough money on wall street to support himself as an author and philosopher - he calculated that $500,000 after five years would be possible and adequate.he ** also a former member of the carlyle group.businesssoros ** the founder of soros fund management. in 1970 he co-founded the quantum fund with jim rogers, which created the bulk of the soros fortune. rogers retired from the fund in 1980. other partners h**e included victor niederhoffer and stanley druckenmiller.in late 2006, soros bought about 2 million shares of halliburton.in 2007, the quantum fund returned almost 32%, netting soros $2.9 billion.currency speculationon black wednesday (september 16, 1992), soros became immediately famous when he sold short more than $10 billion worth of pounds, profiting from the bank of england's reluctance to either ra**e its interest rates to levels comparable to those of other european exchange rate mechan**m countries or to float its currency.finally, the bank of england was forced to withdraw the currency from the european exchange rate mechan**m and to devalue the pound sterling, and soros earned an estimated us$ 1.1 billion in the process. he was dubbed "the man who broke the bank of england."the times of monday, october 26, 1992, quoted soros as saying: "our total position by black wednesday had to be worth almost $10 billion. we planned to sell more than that. in fact, when norman lamont said just before the devaluation that he would borrow nearly $15 billion to defend sterling, we were amused because that was about how much we wanted to sell."according to steven drobny, stanley druckenmiller, who traded under soros, originally saw the weakness in the pound. "soros' contribution was pushing him to take a gigantic position," in accord with druckenmiller's own research and instincts.in 1997, during the asian financial cr****, then malaysian prime min**ter mahathir bin mohamad accused soros of using the wealth under h** control to pun**h asean for welcoming myanmar as a member.public predictionssoros' 2008 book, the new paradigm for financial markets, describes a "superbubble" that has built up over the past 25 years and ** now ready to collapse. th** ** the third in a series of books he's written that h**e predicted d**aster. as he states:i h**e a record of crying wolf…. i did it first in the alchemy of finance (in 1987), then in the cr**** of global capital**m (in 1998) and now in th** book. so it's three books predicting d**aster. (after) the boy cried wolf three times . . . the wolf really came.he ascribes h** own success to being able to recognize when h** predictions are wrong.i'm only rich because i know when i'm wrong… i basically h**e survived by recognizing my m**takes. i very often used to get backaches due to the fact that i was wrong. whenever you are wrong you h**e to fight or [take] flight. when [i] make the dec**ion, the backache goes away.george soros said the world financial system has effectively d**integrated, adding that there ** yet no prospect of a near-term resolution to the cr****. we witnessed the collapse of the financial system[...]it was placed on life support, and it's still on life support. there's no sign that we are anywhere near a bottom.insider trading convictionin 1988, he was asked to join a takeover attempt of the french bank socité générale. he declined to participate in the bid but did later buy a number of shares in the company. french authorities began an investigation in 1989, and in 2002 a french court ruled that it was insider trading, a felony conviction as defined under french securities laws and fined him $2.3 million, which was the amount that he made using the insider **rmation.punitive damages were not sought because of the delay in bringing the case to trial. soros denied any wrongdoing and said news of the takeover was public knowledge.h** insider trading conviction was upheld by the highest court in france on june 14, 2006. in december, 2006 he appealed to the european court of human rights, claiming that the 14- year delay in bringing the case to trial precluded a fair hearing.sportsin 2005, soros joined a group of investors seeking to buy the washington nationals of major league baseball's national league. although he was only a minority partner, some republican lawmakers suggested that they might tamper with baseball's antitrust exemption if soros had any interest at all in any baseball team, including the nationals. ultimately, real estate magnate ted lerner was selected as the new owner, though baseball stressed that political pressure was not a factor. in 2008, soros' name was associated with as roma, an italian soccer team. some speculated that he had bought the club from the sensi family. however, despite offers by the american businessman, the club was not sold.soros was also the main financial backer of washington soccer l.p., the group that owned the operating rights to major league soccer club d.c. united when the league was founded in 1995. he divested himself of united in 2000. 20210311