中外物质文化遗产有哪些

截止2006年,全世界共有世界遗产830处,其中文化遗产644处,自然遗产162处,世界文化遗产与自然双重遗产24处.1972年10月17日至11月21日，联合国教科文组织在巴黎举行第十七届会议，通过了《世界文化和自然遗产保护公约》，明确了文化遗产的定义：1、文物：从历史，艺术或科学角度看具有突出的普遍价值的建筑物、碑雕和碑画、具有考古性质成份或结构、铭文、洞窟以及联合体；2、建筑群：从历史、艺术或科学角度看在建筑式样分布均匀或与环境景色结合方面具有突出的普遍价值的单立或连接的建筑群；3、遗址：从历史、审美、人种学或人类学角度看具有突出的普遍价值的人类工程或自然与人联合工程以及考古遗址等地方。1992年，世界遗产总部在巴黎成立，以便于负责世界遗产相关活动的协调，保证《遗产公约》的实施，举行世界遗产年会，建议签约国提交申报名单，组织世界遗产基金会的国际参与、负责遗产地状况的相关报告，当遗产受到威胁时采取紧急行动……亚洲及太平洋地区(中 国) china■长城the great wall 1987■明清皇宫（北京故宫、沈阳故宫）imperial palace 1987■泰山mount ta**han 1987■莫高窟mogao c**es 1987■秦始皇陵及兵马俑坑mausoleum of the first qin emperor1987■周口店北京人遗址1peking man site at zhoukoudian 1987■黄山 mount huangshan 1990■承德避暑山庄及周围庙宇 mountain resort and its outlying temples, chengde 1994■曲阜孔庙孔林孔府 temple and cemetery of confucius and the kong family mansion in qufu 1994■武当山古建筑群 ancient building complex in the wudang mountains 1994■****宫历史建筑群 h**toric ensemble of the potala palace, lhasa 1994■庐山**公园 lushan national park 1996■峨嵋山风景名胜区(包括乐山大佛) mount emei scenic area, including leshan giant buddha scenic area 1996■平遥古城 ancient city of ping yao 1997■苏州古典园林 classical gardens of suzhou 1997■丽江古城 old town of lijiang 1997■颐和园 summer palace, an imperial garden in beijing 1998■北京天坛 temple of he**en: an imperial sacrificial altar in beijing 1998■武夷山 mount wuyi 1999■大足石刻 dazu rock carvings 1999■青城山—都江堰 mount qingcheng and the dujiangyan irrigation system 2000■皖南古城：西递和宏村 ancient villages in southern anhui - xidi and hongcun 2000■龙门石窟 longmen grottoes 2000■明清皇家陵寝 imperial tombs of the ming and qing dynasties 2000■云冈石窟 yungang grottoes 2001■云南保护区的「三江并流」three parallel rivers of yunnan protected areas 2003■古代**王国的王城及王陵 capital cities and tombs of the ancient koguryo kingdom 2004■**历史城区 the h**toric centre of ma** 2005■**安阳殷墟 2006(柬埔寨) cambodia■吴哥窟区 angkor1992(孟加拉) bangladesh■巴凯尔哈特清真寺历史名城 h**toric mosque city of bagerhat 1985■帕哈尔普尔的佛教毗诃罗遗址 ruins of the buddh**t vihara at paharpur 1985(老 挝) lao people's democratic republic■琅勃拉邦的古城 town of luang prabang 1995■占巴塞文化风景区 vat phou and associated ancient settlements within the champasak culturallandscape 2001(越 南)■顺化历史建筑群complex of hue monuments 1993■圣子修道院my son sanctuary 1999■会安古镇hoi an ancient town 1999(阿富汗) afghan**tan■查姆**寺院尖塔和考古遗址minaret and archaeological remains of jam 2002■巴米扬谷文化景观和考古遗址cultural landscape and archaeological remains of the bamiyan valley 2003(澳大利亚) australia■皇家展览馆和卡尔顿园林royal exhibition building and carlton gardens 2004(日 本)japan■法隆寺地区的佛教古迹buddh**t monuments in the horyu-ji area 1993■姬路城himeji-jo 1993■古京都历史古迹(京都、宇治和大津城)h**toric monuments of ancient kyoto (kyoto, uji and otsu cities) 1994■白川乡和五屹山历史村座h**toric villages of shirakawa-go and gokayama 1995■广岛和平纪念公园(原爆遗址)hiroshima peace memorial (genbaku dome) 1996■严岛神殿itsukushima shinto shrine 1996■古奈良的历史遗迹h**toric monuments of ancient nara 1998■日光的神殿与庙宇shrines and temples of nikko 1999■琉球王国时期的遗迹gusuku sites and related properties of the kingdom of ryukyu 2000■纪伊山脉胜地和朝圣路线以及周围的文化景观 2004(朝 鲜)■**古墓群 2004(伊 朗) iran, **ic republic of■恰高·占比尔(神塔和建筑群)tchogha zanbil 1979■波斯波利斯persepol** 1979■伊斯法罕王侯广场meidan emam, esfahan 1979■塔赫特苏莱曼takht-e soleyman 2003■帕萨尔加德pasargadae 2004■巴姆城堡 bam cultural landscape 2004(印 度) india■阿旃陀石窟群ajanta c**es 1983■埃洛拉(埃卢鲁)石窟群ellora c**es 1983■亚格拉古堡agra fort 1983■泰姬·玛哈尔taj mahal 1983■科纳拉克太阳神庙sun temple, konarak 1984■默哈伯利布勒姆古迹群group of monuments at mahabalipuram 1984■果阿教堂和修道院churches and convents of goa 1986■卡杰拉霍建筑群khajuraho group of monuments 1986■汉皮古迹群group of monuments at hampi 1986■法塔赫布尔西格里fatehpur sikri 1986■帕塔达卡尔建筑群group of monuments at pattadakal 1987■埃勒凡塔石窟elephanta c**es 1987■坦贾武尔的布里哈迪斯瓦拉神庙brihad**vara temple, thanj**ur 1987■桑吉佛教古迹buddh**t monuments at sanchi 1989■德里的胡马雍陵humayun's tomb, delhi 1993■德里的顾特卜塔及其古建筑qutb minar and its monuments, delhi 1993■大吉岭喜马拉雅铁路darjeeling himalayan railway 1999■菩提伽耶的摩诃菩提寺mahabodhi temple complex at bodh gaya 2002■温迪亚山脉的比莫贝卡特石窟rock shelters of bhimbetka 2003■贾特拉帕蒂·希瓦吉终点站chhatrapati shivaji terminus (formerly victoria terminus) 2004■印度 尚庞－巴瓦加德考古公园 champaner-p**agadh archaeological park 2004(尼泊尔) nepal■加德满都谷地kathmandu valley 1979■佛祖诞生地兰毗尼lumbini, the birthplace of the lord buddha 1997(巴基斯坦) pak**tan■摩亨佐达罗考古遗迹archaeological ruins at moenjodaro 1980■塔克希拉 taxila 1980■塔克特依巴依寺庙和萨尔依巴赫洛古遗址buddh**t ruins of takht-i-bahi and nei**ouring city remains at sahr-i-bahlol 1980■塔塔城的历史建筑h**torical monuments of thatta 1981■拉合尔古堡和夏利玛尔公园fort and sha**r gardens in lahore 1981■罗赫达斯要塞rohtas fort 1997(土库曼斯坦) turkmen**tan■古梅尔夫**历史文化公园state h**torical and cultural park 'ancient merv' 1999(哈萨克斯坦) kazakhstan■霍贾·艾哈迈德·亚萨维陵墓the mausoleum of khoja ahmed yasawi 2003■泰姆格里考古景观岩刻 2004(菲律宾) philippines■菲律宾巴洛克教堂baroque churches of the philippines 1993■菲律宾科迪勒拉水稻梯田rice terraces of the philippine cordilleras 1995■维甘历史古城h**toric town of vigan 1999(韩 国) republic of korea■石窟庵和佛国寺seokguram grotto and bulguksa temple 1995■海印寺及八万大藏经藏经处haeinsa temple, janggyeong pangeon, the depositories for the tripitaka koreana woodblocks 1995■宗庙jongmyo shrine 1995■昌德宫建筑群changdeokgung palace complex 1997■华松古堡hwaseong fortress 1997■庆州历史区gyeongju h**toric areas 2000■高昌、华森和江华的史前墓遗址gochang, hwasun, and ganghwa dolmen sites 2000(斯里兰卡) sri lanka■阿努拉德普勒圣城sacred city of anuradhapura 1982■波隆纳鲁沃古城ancient city of polonnaruwa 1982■锡吉里那古城ancient city of sigiriya 1982■康提圣城sacred city of kandy 1988■加勒老城及其城堡old town of galle and its fortifications 1988■丹布勒金殿golden temple of dambulla 1991(泰 国) thailand■素可泰历史城镇及相关历史城镇h**toric town of sukhothai and associated h**toric towns 1991■阿育他亚(大城)历史城及相关城镇h**toric city of ayutthaya and associated h**toric towns 1991■班清阿考古遗址ban chiang archaeological site 1992(乌兹别克斯坦) uzbek**tan■伊特察思·卡拉itchan kala 1990■布哈拉历史中心h**toric centre of bukhara 1993■沙赫利苏伯兹历史中心h**toric centre of shakhr**yabz 2000■处在文化十字路口的撒马尔罕城samarkand - crossroads of cultures 2001(蒙 古) mongolia■鄂尔浑峡谷文化景观 2004(印度尼西亚) indonesia■婆罗浮屠寺庙群borobudur temple compounds 1991■普兰巴南寺庙群prambanan temple compounds 1991■桑义兰早期人类遗址sangiran early man site 1996(贝 宁) benin■阿波美王宫royal palaces of abomey1985(博茨瓦纳) botswana■措迪洛山tsodilo 2001(多哥共和国) the republic of togo,la republique togola**e■古帕玛库景观 2004(埃塞俄比亚) ethiopia■拉利贝拉岩石教堂rock-hewn churches, lalibela1978■贡德尔地区的法西尔盖比城堡及古建筑fasil ghebbi, gondar region1979■阿瓦什低谷lower valley of the awash1980■蒂亚tiya1980■阿克苏姆考古遗址aksum1980■奥莫低谷lower valley of the omo 1980(冈比亚) gambia■詹姆斯岛及附近区域james **land and related sites2003(加 纳) ghana■沃尔特河阿克拉中区和西区的要塞和城堡forts and castles, volta greater accra, central and western regions1979■阿散蒂传统建筑asante traditional buildings1980(几内亚和科特迪瓦) guinea and cote d'ivoire■宁巴山自然保护区mount nimba strict nature reserve1981-1982(肯尼亚) kenya■拉穆古城lamu old town2001(马达加斯加) madagascar■安布希曼加的皇家蓝山行宫royal hill of ambohimanga2001(马耳他) malta■哈尔·萨夫列尼地下宫殿hal saflieni hypogeum1980■瓦莱塔古城city of valletta1980■马耳他巨石庙megalithic temples of malta1980-1992(马 里) mali■杰内古城old towns of djenne1988（djenne的e上有一撇）■廷巴克图timbuktu1988■阿斯基亚王陵 2004(尼日利亚) nigeria■宿库卢文化景观sukur cultural landscape1999(塞内加尔) senegal■戈雷岛**land of goree1978（goree的第一个e上要加一撇）■圣路易斯岛**land of saint-lou**2000(津巴布韦) zimbabwe■大津巴布韦**纪念地great zimbabwe national monument 1986■卡米**遗址纪念地khami ruins national monument 1986■马托博山matobo hills 2003(南 非) south africa■罗布恩岛robben **land1999■斯泰克方丹，斯瓦特科兰斯，科罗姆德拉伊和维罗恩斯的化石遗址fossil hominid sites of sterkfontein, swartkrans, kromdraai and environs 1999■马蓬古布韦文化景观mapungubwe cultural landscape2003(乌干达) uganda■巴干达国王们的卡苏比陵tombs of buganda kings at kasubi2001(坦桑尼亚) united republic of tanzania■基尔瓦基斯瓦尼遗址和松戈马拉遗址ruins of kilwa k**iwani and ruins of songo mnara1981■桑给巴尔石头城stone town of zanzibar2000美洲(阿根廷) argentina■库埃瓦—德尔阿斯—马诺斯cueva de las manos, rio pinturas1999■科尔多巴**会牧场和街区jesuit block and estancias of cordoba2000（cordoba的第一个o上有一撇）■塔夫拉达 德乌玛瓦卡quebrada de humahuaca2003(阿根廷和巴西) argentina and brazil■瓜拉尼人聚居地的**会传教区：阿根廷的圣伊格纳西奥米尼、圣安娜、罗雷托和圣母玛利亚艾尔马约尔村遗迹以及 巴西的圣米格尔杜斯米索纳斯遗迹jesuit m**sions of the guaran**: san ignacio mini, santa ana, nuestra senora de loreto and santa maria la mayor (argentina); ruins of sao miguel das m**soes (brazil) 1983-1984(玻利维亚) bolivia■波托西城city of potosi1987■奇基托斯**教传教区jesuit m**sions of the chiquitos1990■苏克雷城h**toric city of sucre1991■萨迈帕塔考古遗址fuerte de samaipata1998■蒂瓦纳科文化的精神和**中心tiwanaku: spiritual and political centre of the tiwanaku culture2000(智 利)chile■拉帕努伊**公园rapa nui national park1995■奇洛埃教堂churches of chiloe 2000■瓦尔帕莱索港口城市历史区h**toric quarter of the seaport city of valpara**o2003(巴 西) brazil■欧鲁普雷图历史名镇h**toric town of ouro preto 1980■奥林达历史中心h**toric centre of olinda1982■巴伊亚州的萨尔瓦多历史中心h**toric centre of salvador de bahia1985■孔戈尼亚斯的仁慈**圣殿sanctuary of bom jesus do congonhas1985■巴西利亚brasilia 1987■卡皮瓦拉山**公园serra da capivara national park1991■圣路易斯历史中心h**toric centre of sao lu**1997■蒂阿曼蒂那城历史中心h**toric centre of the town of diamantina 1999■戈亚斯城历史中心 h**toric centre of the town of goias2001(加拿大) canada■拉安斯欧克斯梅多**历史遗址l'anse aux meadows national h**toric site 1978■安东尼岛sgaang gwaii (anthony **land)1981■美洲野牛涧地带head-smashed-in buffalo jump1981■魁北克古城区h**toric d**trict of quebec 1985(c iv, vi)■卢嫩堡旧城old town lunenburg1995(智 利) chile■拉帕努伊**公园rapa nui national park1995■奇洛埃教堂churches of chiloe 2000■瓦尔帕莱索港口城市历史区h**toric quarter of the seaport city of valpara**o2003(哥伦比亚) colombia■卡塔赫纳港口、要塞和古迹群port, fortresses and group of monuments, cartagena 1984■蒙波斯的圣克鲁斯历史中心h**toric centre of santa cruz de mompox 1995■铁**特罗**考古公园national archaeological park of tierradentro 1995■圣奥古斯丁考古公园san agustin archaeological park 1995(洪都拉斯) honduras■科潘玛雅古迹损址maya site of copan1980(古 巴) cuba■哈瓦那旧城及其工事体系old h**ana and its fortifications1982■特立尼达和洛斯因赫尼奥斯山谷trinidad and the valley de los ingenios1988■古巴圣地亚哥的圣佩德罗德拉罗卡堡san pedro de la roca castle, santiago de cuba1997■比尼亚莱斯山谷vinales valley1999■古巴东南第一座咖啡种植园考古风景区archaeological landscape of the first coffee plantations in the south-east of cuba 2000(多米尼加共和国) dominican republic■圣多明各殖民城市 colonial city of santo domingo(厄瓜多尔) ecuador■基多旧城city of quito1978■昆卡的洛斯·里奥斯的圣安娜历史中心h**toric centre of santa ana de los rios de cuenca1999(萨尔瓦多) el salvador■霍亚－德赛伦考古遗址joya de ceren archaeological site 1993(危地马拉) guatemala■安提瓜危地马拉antigua guatemala1979■基里瓜考古公园和玛雅文化遗址archaeological park and ruins of quirigua 1981(海 地) haiti■**历史公园：城堡、圣苏西宫、拉米尔斯堡垒national h**toric park citadel, sans souci, ramiers 1982墨西哥mexico■帕伦克古城和**公园pre-h**panic city and national park of palenque 1987■墨西哥城与赫霍奇米尔科历史中心h**toric centre of mexico city and xochimilco 1987■特奥蒂瓦坎pre-h**panic city of teotihuacan 1987■瓦哈卡历史中心与阿尔班山考古遗址h**toric centre of oaxaca and archaeological site of monte alban1987■普埃布拉历史中心h**toric centre of puebla 1987■瓜纳托历史名城及周围矿藏h**toric town of guanajuato and adjacent mines1988■奇琴伊察古城pre-h**panic city of chichen-itza 1988■莫雷利亚城历史中心h**toric centre of morelia 1991■埃尔塔津古城el tajin, pre-h**panic city 1992■萨卡特卡斯历史中心h**toric centre of zacatecas 1993■圣弗兰西斯科山脉岩画rock paintings of the sierra de san franc**co 1993■波波卡特佩特火山坡上最早的16世纪修道院earliest 16th-century monasteries on the slopes of popocatepetl 1994■乌斯马尔古镇pre-h**panic town of uxmal 1996■克雷塔罗历史遗迹区h**toric monuments zone of queretaro 1996■瓜达拉哈拉的卡瓦尼亚斯救济所hospicio cabanas, guadalajara 1997■大卡萨斯的帕魁姆考古区archaeological zone of paquime, casas grandes 1998■塔拉科塔潘历史遗迹区h**toric monuments zone of tlacotalpan1998■霍齐卡尔科的历史纪念区archaeological monuments zone of xochicalco1999■坎佩切历史要塞城h**toric fortified town of campeche 1999■坎佩切卡拉科姆鲁古老的玛雅城ancient maya city of calakmul, campeche 2002■克雷塔罗的谢拉戈达圣方济会修道院franc**can m**sions in the sierra gorda of queretaro 2003■路易斯·巴拉干故居和工作室 2004(尼加拉瓜) nicaragua■莱昂·别霍遗址ruins of leon viejo2000(巴拿马) panama■巴拿马**海岸的防御工事：波托韦洛－圣洛伦索fortifications on the caribbean side of panama: portobelo san lorenzo 1980■巴拿马城考古遗址及巴拿马历史名区archaeological site of panama viejo and the h**toric d**trict of panama1997, 2003(圣基特和尼维斯岛) saint kitts and nev**■**石山要塞**公园brimstone hill fortress national park1999(巴拉圭) paraguay■塔瓦兰格的**和巴拉那的桑蒂西莫－特立尼达**会传教区jesuit m**sions of la sant**ima trinidad de parana and jesus de t**arangue 1993(苏里南) suriname■帕拉马里博的古内城h**toric inner city of paramaribo2002(美 国) usa■梅萨维德印第安遗址mesa verde 1978■独立大厅independence hall1979■卡俄基亚土丘历史遗址cahokia mounds state h**toric site 1982■**雾山**公园great smoky mountains national park 1983■波所黎各的古堡与圣胡安历史遗址la fortaleza and san juan h**toric site in puerto rico1983■**像statue of liberty1984■查科文化**历史公园chaco culture national h**torical park 1987■夏洛茨维尔的蒙蒂塞洛和弗吉尼亚大学monticello and the university of virginia in charlottesville1987■陶斯印第安村pueblo de taos 1992(秘 鲁) peru■科斯科古城city of cuzco 1983■夏文考古遗址ch**in (archaeological site)1985■昌昌城考古地区chan chan archaeological zone 1986■利马的历史中心h**toric centre of lima1988-1991■纳斯卡和朱马纳草原的线条图lines and geoglyphs of nasca and pampas de jumana 1994■阿雷基帕城历史中心h**torical centre of the city of arequipa 2000非洲及**伯地区(阿尔及利亚) algeria■贝尼·哈玛德的卡拉城al qal'a of beni hammad1980■杰米拉djemila1982■蒂帕萨tipasa1982■蒂姆加德timgad1982■阿尔及尔城堡ka**ah of algiers1992(埃 及) egypt■孟菲斯及其墓地金字塔memph** and its necropol** the pyramid fields from giza to dahshur 1979■底比斯古城及其墓地ancient thebes with its necropol**1979■阿布辛拜勒至菲莱的努比亚遗址nubian monuments from abu simbel to philae1979■**开罗**ic cairo1979■阿布米那**教遗址abu mena1979■圣卡特琳娜地区saint catherine area2002(**) iraq■哈特拉hatra1985■亚述古城ashur (qal'at sherqat)2003(约 旦) jordan■佩特拉petra1985■库塞尔阿姆拉quseir amra1985■乌姆赖萨斯考古遗址2004(黎巴嫩) lebanon■安杰尔anjar 1984■巴勒贝克baalbek1984■比布鲁斯byblos1984■提尔城tyre1984(利比亚) libyan arab jamahiriya■莱波蒂斯考古遗址archaeological site of lept** magna1982■萨布拉塔考古遗址archaeological site of sabratha1982■昔兰尼考古遗址archaeological site of cyrene1982■塔德拉尔特·阿卡库斯石窟rock-art sites of tadrart acacus1982■加达梅斯古镇old town of ghadames1986(c v) (ghadames的e上面有一点)(也 门) yemen■萨那古城old city of sana'a1986■城墙环绕的希巴姆古城old walled city of shibam1982■乍比得历史古城h**toric town of zabid1993(突尼斯) tun**ia■突尼斯的**伯人聚居区medina of tun**1979■迦太基遗址site of carthage1979■杰姆的圆形竞技场amphitheatre of el jem1979■科克瓦尼布尼城及其陵园punic town of kerkuane and its necropol**1985-1986■苏塞古城medina of sousse1988■凯鲁万kairouan1988■沙格镇dougga/thugga1997jerusalem(proposed for inscription by jordan)(耶路撒冷) (由约旦提请加入世界遗产名录■耶路撤冷旧城及其城墙①old city of jerusalem and its walls 1981)(毛里塔尼亚) mauritania■瓦丹、欣盖提、提希特和瓦拉塔古镇ancient ksour of ouadane, chinguetti, tichitt and oualata1996(摩洛哥) morocco■非斯的**伯人聚居区medina of fez1981■马拉柯什的**伯人聚居区medina of marrakesh1985■阿伊特·本·哈杜筑垒村ksar of ait-ben-haddou 1987■历史名城梅克内斯h**toric city of meknes1996■瓦卢比利斯考古遗址archaeological site of volubil**1997■缔头万城medina of tetouan (formerly known as titawin)1997 （tetouan的e上面有一点）■索维拉城（原摩加多尔） medina of essaouira (formerly mogador)2001■马扎甘葡萄牙城 2004(阿? 曼) oman■巴赫莱要塞bahla fort1987■巴特·库特姆和艾因考古遗址archaeological sites of bat, al-khutm and al-ayn1988■乳香之路the frankincense trail 2000(苏? 丹) sudan■博尔戈尔山及纳巴塔地区gebel barkal and the sites of the napatan region2003(叙利亚) syrian arab republic■大**古城ancient city of damascus1979■布基参考资料： 20210311